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Descartes (en Inglés)
Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georg (Autor)
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Descartes (en Inglés) - Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Georg
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Reseña del libro "Descartes (en Inglés)"
The text on Descartes belongs to Lectures on the History of Philosophy (Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie) by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. It is not an independent essay but part of a university lecture course delivered between 1805 and 1831 and published posthumously from students' lecture notes and the author's manuscripts, principally edited by Karl Ludwig Michelet. The present passage is found in Part Three: Modern Philosophy, within Section Two: The Period of the Thinking Understanding, Chapter One: The Period of Metaphysics, subsection A. First Division, 1. Descartes. Hegel presents Descartes as the initiator of modern philosophy for having established thinking as the principle of philosophy, beginning from the immediate certainty of the Cogito, ergo sum. In thinking, the subject finds the first certainty and the immediate unity of thinking and Being. The problem then becomes the transition from this subjective certainty to objective truth. Descartes makes this transition through the Idea of God as an absolutely perfect being: existence necessarily belongs to its Concept, and God’s veracity guarantees the correspondence between what is clearly and distinctly thought and actuality. God thus becomes the mediating term between subjective cognition and objectivity. On the basis of this principle, Descartes distinguishes thinking substance from extended substance, making thinking the essential determination of Spirit and extension the essential determination of matter. Hegel recognizes in this the foundation of the mechanistic conception of nature and the importance of reducing bodily phenomena to extension and motion, but criticizes the persistence of the dualism between thinking and extension and the external explanation of the relation between soul and body through God. Descartes’ decisive merit therefore lies in having established thinking as the ground of philosophizing; his limitation lies in remaining within an as yet abstract and immediate unity of thinking and Being, without developing this unity from the Concept itself. Translated directly from the German by Lucas Praxedes from the text found in Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. Translation notes are indicated throughout the text by “(Tr.)”.
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