The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims was originally published under the title of Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit, in 1851. This edition contains the translations by Thomas Bailey Saunders, which were published separately under the titles The Essays of Schopenhauer: The Wisdom of Life, and The Essays of Schopenhauer: Counsels and Maxims in 1901, 1896 respectively.