The cotton farmers, although adding a billion dollars annually to the wealth of the world, are the most impoverished and backward of all the large groups of producers in America. Their status demands complete dependence; it requires no education and demands no initiative since the landlord determines the choice of crop, the method of cultivation, and the method of sale. The authors discuss the declining market of cotton and suggest a re-homesteading project as a solution for the tenant farmers. Originally published in 1935.