This book presents an overview of the current state of research in the field of nanotechnologies and biotechnologies for energy, environment, electronics, and health, as emerging from leading laboratories worldwide. It presents and describes in detail the recent research results in the most advanced nanobiotechnology-based methods and their possible applications to energy, environment, electronics, and public health. The methods discussed in the book include anodic porous alumina, nanotubes, conductive polymers, molecular dynamics, innovative software, nanomembranes, lipases, octopus rhodopsin, chromosome translocation, pulsed power, nanotechnology, megatechnologies, mass spectrometry, and protein array. The applications discussed include nanobioelectronics, nanosensors, nanodevices, gas, environment, energy, industrial biofermentation, health, vaccinology, biodiesel production, Earth's interior, and metals. The book focuses on an array of applications to highlight important aspects of this interdisciplinary approach, underpinning the present challenges and showing the future potential solutions.