In the late twentieth century many writers and activists envisionednew possibilities of transnational cooperation toward peace andglobal justice. In this book Iris Marion Young aims to revive suchhopes by responding clearly to what are seen as the globalchallenges of the modern day. Inspired by claims of indigenous peoples, the book develops aconcept of self-determination compatible with stronger institutionsof global regulation. It theorizes new directions for thinkingabout federated relationships between peoples which assume thatthey need not be large or symmetrical. Young argues that the use ofarmed force to respond to oppression should be rare, genuinelymultilateral, and follow a model of law enforcement more than war.She finds that neither cosmopolitan nor nationalist responses toquestions of global justice are adequate and so offers adistinctive conception of responsibility, founded on participationin social structures, to describe the obligations that bothindividuals and organizations have in a world of globalinterdependence.Young applies clear analysis and cogent moral arguments toconcrete cases, including the wars against Serbia and Iraq, themeaning of the US Patriot Act, the conflict in Palestine/Israel,and working conditions in sweat shops.