this book discusses the opportunities offered by disruptive technologies to overcome the economical and physical limits currently faced by the electronics industry. it provides a new methodology for the fast evaluation of an emerging technology from an architectural prospective and discusses the implications from simple circuits to complex architectures. several technologies are discussed, ranging from 3-d integration of devices (phase change memories, monolithic 3-d, vertical nanowires-based transistors) to dense 2-d arrangements (double-gate carbon nanotubes, sublithographic nanowires, lithographic crossbar arrangements). novel architectural organizations, as well as the associated tools, are presented in order to explore this freshly opened design space.